Fuel Cell Quest of new materials
Spanish researchers have developed a fuel cell can effectively improve the efficiency of the superlattice electrolyte material of solid oxide fuel than current batteries can be greatly reduced cost.
Spanish researchers said such superlattice electrolyte (superlatticeelectrolyte) the ionic conductivity than conventional fuel cell components increased by nearly 1 million times. This new technology has been the U.S. Department of Energy's largest science and energy research laboratories - Oak Ridge National Laboratory recognition.
DelphiAutomotiveSystems, BMW and Rolls-Royce has announced the development of solid oxide fuel cell program. However, if the vehicle allegedly used in fuel cells such new superlattice electrolyte, the battery can greatly improve efficiency and reduce production costs.
Ionic conductivity of these materials from the molecular structure-based model can see why it has better ionic conductivity. Superlattice Diego because the interface layer there is a lot of ion vacancies, thus allowing more ions to form a channel through the opening.
"Spanish researchers can measure their superlattice materials developed by the ionic conductivity, but no way to explain." Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Materials Science & Technology sector MariaVarela said, "We can give the pictures to explain the enhanced conductivity of these materials causes. Through these images we can clearly see the tension in the crystal and molecular structure of ordered interface layer and how they are arranged in order to provide wider ion transmission channel.
MariaVarela asserted, "I do not know if the use of such fuel cells can superlattice electrolyte efficiency specific number, but I can say with certainty that it will significantly reduce the cost of fuel cells."
Spanish researchers distributed in the two universities in Madrid: Madrid CommScope Princeton University (UniversidadComplutense) and UniversidadPolitcnica.
Solid oxide fuel cell operating temperature higher than the required 1,000 ° F, but the new superlattice electrolyte not only has a higher permeability - in order to improve the efficiency of fuel cells, also can work in close to room temperature, so reducing its own temperature and not as solid oxide fuel cells need to "warm up" for some time to work.
Solid oxide fuel cell cathode and anode separated by electrolyte, through the solid electrolyte with the number of positively charged oxygen ions and the circuit through the number of negatively charged electrons are equal. External circuit connected with the fuel cell electrode. Solid electrolyte and by the Ford, Volkswagen, GE, Dupont and other companies are working in research and development of fuel cell polymer electrolyte membrane used in the same function.
The efficiency of solid oxide fuel cell electrolyte is limited by the ability to transfer oxygen ions, and oxygen ions in the solid electrolyte to pass between the atoms. In order to achieve higher efficiency, solid electrolyte fuel cell operating temperature is usually higher than 1,000 ° F.
The new superlattice electrolyte with a wider gap within the structure so that the oxygen ions through without having to transfer from one atom to another atom. So even in room temperature conductivity of the material atom has also been greatly improved.
New material is zirconium oxide layer and the oxide layer of strontium titanate overlap, these membrane materials to enhance the permeability of oxygen ions due to the mismatch in the overlap layer lattice. Oak Ridge National Laboratory, developers said they use the resolution of about 0.6 Egypt (spectral line wavelength units), 300KV, Z contrast scanning transmission electron microscope to show the lattice mismatch and the resulting gap.
Varela said, "We observed that the oxide layer due to lattice mismatch between the large number of oxygen leads to the formation of ion channels."
R & D personnel will observe the results to those who want to interact with the new superlattice electrolyte layer development of solid oxide fuel cell R & D team circulated.
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